The Verb Need The verb need expresses necessity, or something lacking. It is an interesting verb in English, as it can be used both as a normal verb and a modal verb. As a normal verb need, it is used in all tenses and conjugated with do/does/did and is followed by the infinitive with to or a noun: I
Discourse Markers, Conversation Managers Discourse markers are words or short phrases we use to organize speech or writing and show how ideas connect. They don’t usually add new information themselves; instead, they help guide the listener or reader through what’s being said. Think of them as the road signs of conversation. What do discourse markers
Have someone do something / get someone to do something We use have someone do something to ask or instruct someone to do something for us. We use this structure when: we arrange for someone to do a task we give responsibility to someone often when it’s their job or duty Structure: Subject + have +
Reported Speech: Reported Statements Reported statements are sentences that tell us what another person said, usually by changing the tense and pronouns. You can revise grammar rules here: https://in2english.net/2018/02/21/direct-and-reported-speech/ https://in2english.net/2024/12/08/changing-from-direct-to-reported-speech/ Reported Statements: Have Practice Task 1. Rewrite the direct speech as reported speech to complete the sentences. 'I'll send you a postcard.' - He told
Clauses Expressing Purpose Clauses of purpose are used to express the reason why someone does something. A clause of purpose answers the question: “Why?” or “For what purpose?” There are several ways to express purpose in English. Using to + infinitive Most common and simple way to show purpose. To + verb is informal and natural.
What Are Past Modals? Past modals are used when we look back at the past and make a judgement, guess, or evaluation. Past simple tells us what happened. Past modals tell us what we think happened. Past modals are used to talk about: possibility / probability in the past certainty about past events regret / criticism
Adjective–preposition Combinations Adjectives are words that describe nouns or pronouns. Sometimes, certain adjectives are followed by prepositions to give more information about a person, thing, or situation. These combinations are called adjectives with prepositions. For example: She is interested in music. He is afraid of spiders. They are good at sports. In English, using the
Ways to Talk About Regret, Frustration, and Unreal Situations English gives us several ways to talk about regret, frustration, and unreal situations. Two of the most powerful are I wish and If only. Many students find I wish and If only confusing at first. The verb tense often looks “wrong”, and it’s not always clear
Used to, Would, Be/Get Used to Used to would be/get used to are used to speak about past habits/states (not now), repeated past actions, something which is normal/familiar or becoming familiar. Used to + infinitive We use this expression to talk about habits or repeated actions in the past which we don't do in the present. We also use
What are speech act verbs? Speech Act Verbs Speech act verbs are verbs that describe an action we perform by speaking. They focus on the function of language (what the speaker is doing). The term 'speech act verbs' is the general term from linguistics and is used to cover many types of speaking actions (committing, requesting,
