The Past Simple Tense
► Ми використовуємо Past Simple, щоб розповісти про події або ситуації в минулому:
We worked yesterday. – Ми працювали вчора.
► Дуже часто ми вживаємо Past Simple з такими словами й фразами як:
yesterday – вчора last year – минулого року
last week – минулого тижня last summer – минулого літа
last month – минулого місяця а week ago – тиждень тому
last night – вчора ввечері in 2012 – в 2012 році
► Багато дієслів в Past Simple закінчуються на –ed. Такі дієслова називаються правильними (regular):
play – played, work – worked, open – opened
Spelling Rules
► Дієслова, що закінчуються в інфінітиві на –е, втрачають цю голосну при додаванні закінчення –ed:
to live – lived; to like – liked
► Дієслова, що закінчуються в інфінітиві на –y з попередньою приголосною, змінюють -у на –і:
to study – studied, to copy – copied
But: to play – played
► Закінчення –ed вимовляється:
[t] – після глухих приголосних, крім t: to help – helped; to look – looked; to work – worked
[d] – після дзвінких приголосних, крім d, і голосних: to open – opened; to play played
[ıd] – після приголосних t і d: to want –wanted; to land –landed
► Але багато дієслів – неправильні (irregular). Їх треба запам’ятовувати:
do – did, take – took, go – went
► am, is, are перетворюються в Past Simple на was / were:
am → was is → was are → were
I was at school yesterday. She was at the zoo last month. They were in Kyiv last week.
Дієслово to be (бути) у Past Simple Tense
Однина Множина
- I was (я був) We were (ми були)
- You were (ти був) You were (ви були)
- He was (він був) They were (вони були)
She was (вона була)
It was (він, вона був, була (про предмети і тварин)
► У питальних реченнях з Past Simple ми використовуємо did з початковою формою дієслова:
She played tennis yesterday. – Did she play tennis yesterday?
They went to the yard to make a snow man. – Did they go to the yard? Why did they go to the yard? Where did they go? Did they go to the yard or to the park? Who went to the yard?
► У заперечних реченнях з Past Simple ми використовуємо didn’t (did not) з початковою формою дієслова:
She came home at 2 o’clock. – She didn’t come home at 2 o’clock. They spoke English. – They didn’t speak English. The children played snowballs. – The children didn’t play snowballs.
► Потрібно запам’ятати, що з дієсловом to be (was / were) ми не вживаємо did:
She was at home last night. – Was she at home? Yes, she was. The children were at the party. – Where were the children? Were they at the zoo? No, they weren’t.
Have practice. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.
Remember irregular verbs
be – was, were – been
can – could
have -had – had
make – made – made
get – got – got
give – gave – given
come – came – come
speak – spoke – spoken
teach – taught – taught
go – went – gone
take – took – taken
hear – heard – heard
learn – learnt – learnt
buy – bought – bought
see – saw – seen
read – read – read
write – wrote – written
eat – ate – eaten
drink – drank – drunk
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